代名詞

Pronoun

	主格	受格	所有格	所有代名詞	反身代名詞
我	I	me	my	mine	myself
你	you	you	your	yours	yourself
他	he	him	his	his	himself
她	her	her	her	hers	herself
它  牠	it	it	its	its	itself
我們	we	us	our	ours	ourselves
你們	you	you	your	yours	yourselves
他們	they	them	their	theirs	themselves
	John	John	John’s	John’s	himself
	Mr. Wang	Mr. Wang	Mr. Wang’s	Mr. Wang’s	himself
	the Lins	the Lins	the Lins’	the Lins’	themselves

1 主格當句中的主詞，注意：單數排列：231 , 複數排列：123。

  You, he, and I are good friends.

  We, you, and they are tall.

2 受格當句中的受詞，放在動詞後或介系詞後。

  I like him.   I play with him.

3 所有格後面必加名詞。

  My teacher is Ms. Li.

4所有格＋名詞＝所有代名詞。（可代替前面提過的名詞，注意單複數）

  My books are heavy, but yours are light.

  Your cup is new, and mine is, too.

  Her hair is shorter than theirs.

  This is Bob’s car. 所有格         This is Bob’s. 所有代名詞

  I will eat dinner at the Lins’. 所有代名詞(the Lins’ house)  (the Lins’ Restaurant)

雙重所有格（英文中a, the, this,that...不與所有格my, your...共用。

  my a friend 〔×〕,   your that car〔×〕

  Mark is a friend of mine.  (my friends)

  The books of your sister’s are nice.

5 反身代名詞可加強語氣或當受詞。（可代替前面的主詞或受詞）

  I did it myself.  加強語氣

  I myself did it.  加強語氣

  I like myself.   當受詞

  You can tell him how to take care of himself. 當受詞

                                                      

that+名詞子句

1 以that引導的名詞子句，可作主詞、受詞、補語等。

A. 作主詞： ※that不能省略。   也可用it當虛主詞。

That the world is round is true. 

＝＞ It is true that the world is round. that不能省略

B. 作受詞： ◎that能省略。

※S＋believe, decide, feel, forget, find out, hear聽說, hope, know,

learn, mean, notice, remember, read, say, see覺得 發現,

show, teach, tell, think, wish, write, …＋that子句

I think ( that) he is a good boy.       S  V  O

He knows (that) I am right.

C. 作補語：  ※that不能省略

The fact is that I can’t help you.      S  be-V  C

 The most important thing is that I can’t get up so early.

 The happiest thing is that I will take a trip to New York.

 The sad thing is that he lost his dog.

D. that 子句的其他用法

(a) 人＋be＋adj.＋( that) 子句   that能省略

※   人  be  afraid, angry, glad, happy, impressed, lucky, proud,

sad, sorry, sure, surprised, worried, true…＋that子句

I am afraid ( that) I can’t come.

He is happy ( that) he did well on the test.

He’s surprised (that) you still remember him.

(b) It is adj. that 子句    that不能省略

   It be  bad, comfortable, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, exciting, fun(u.n.), funny, good, hard, important, impossible, interesting, lucky, possible, sad, simple, true, wrong,

  It was lucky that the Tigers won.

  It is true that love is wonderful.

(c) It is p.p. that 子句     that不能省略

※   It is believed, thought, said, reported, known, understood…＋that 子句

It is said that he is over 100 years old.

It is reported that more than 10 people died in the accident.

 

*1 主要子句是過去式時，通常that子句也用過去式。

He was afraid that she couldn’t come.

*2 不過，有時需注意時式的變化。

One day you will know that he was wrong.

I think that it will rain this evening.

*3名詞子句表示普遍的真理，現在的事實時，也用現在式。

She said that the earth is round.

She knew that I am taller than he.

preparatory subject ：it當預設主詞（虛主詞）

當句子主詞是不定詞或是that子句時，通常不置於句首。常用的方式是把it放在句首。把真正的主詞放在後面。it當預設主詞（虛主詞）。

To be with you is nice.  It is nice to be with you.

That you should like him is interesting.

It is interesting that you should like him.居然會喜歡

It is difficult to understand what she is talking about.

It worried me that she didn’t phone.

重要性

It is important (that) she has to meet me here.

困難

It is not easy to get him to change his mind.

It must be hard to live on your salary.薪水

可能性

Is it possible to go by road? 從陸路

用處

It is not very useful to read the whole book.

正常性和頻繁程度

It is unusual to see Peter with a girl.不尋常     usual平常的

時間的消耗

It took me an hour to get home.

情緒的反應

It is surprising that she got the job.

It is interesting to see different ways of life.

真實性

Is it true that he won the game?

方便與適合

It will be best to go early.

外貌

It appears that he might change his mind.  顯示  看來

☆除了that子句以外，其他子句也可以用虛主詞

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed.你是否成功

It doesn’t matter when you come.          你什麼時候來不重要

It isn’t clear what she meant.              她的意思是什麼不太清楚

It will suit me best for you to arrive at ten o’clock.對我最適合

It is unusual for her door to be open-I wonder if something’s wrong.

I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious.我發現要跟你談任何正經事很困難

I think it important that we should keep calm. 我認為我們應該保持鎮靜是重要的